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Paul Robeson Congressional Hearings
The US congressional testimony by Jackie Robinson, the first African-American Major League Baseball player of the modern era against the famous entertainer and international civil-rights activist Paul Robeson, was an American Cold War incident. Its events were precipitated when, at an international student peace conference held in Paris on April 20, 1949, Paul Robeson allegedly made a speech to the effect that American blacks would not support the United States in a war with the Soviet Union, due to continued second-class citizen status under United States law.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=History Matters )〕 This subsequent controversy caused the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC) to investigate Robeson〔Duberman, p. 358.〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Un-American Activities, House Committee on )〕 and Robinson, as a famed African American baseball player, was called on to impugn Robeson.
==Robeson's advocacy for socialism==
Paul Robeson's Post World War II persecution by J. Edgar Hoover's FBI and the political right in the U.S. was, in part, due to his vocal support for the Soviet Union, which was a cause célèbre among well-known artists and scientists during the 1930s and 1940s. Robeson had been particularly impressed by the absence of negative racial attitudes towards him during his visits to the Soviet Union. During the Cold War years the United States and the Soviet Union became fierce competitors, as the two emerging superpowers. In the 1950s, McCarthyism and the Red Scare dominated the headlines, and many artists, scientists or academics with leftist affiliations who failed to denounce communism became unemployabled and blacklisted.
Robinson was reluctant to testify to HUAC on these matters, in part because of Robeson's prior advocacy on behalf of integration in professional baseball. Among other things, at the annual winter meeting of baseball owners in December 1943, Robeson became the first black man to address baseball owners on the subject of integration. At this meeting, Robeson argued that baseball, as a national game, had an obligation to ensure segregation did not become a national pattern. The owners gave Robeson a round of applause and, after the meeting, Baseball Commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis remarked that there was no rule on the books denying blacks entry into the league.〔 As such, Robeson had done much to pave the way for Jackie Robinson's entry into major league baseball, just over three years later.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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